Approximately two weeks after your first radiation treatment, you may experience some mild side effects. They may continue throughout the treatment period and gradually disappear after you have completed treatment. Your radiation oncologist will discuss which symptoms you are likely to experience, when you will notice them and how long they will last. To help minimize side effects, please follow these instructions carefully, and communicate any discomfort to your radiation oncologist or nurse.
Skin Reactions
The skin exposed to radiation may become dry and itchy, tanned or reddened. These symptoms will subside within a few weeks after completing therapy. Keeping your skin clean and dry will help. To cleanse properly, use lukewarm water and a mild soap, such as Dove, Basis Neutrogena or Aveno Oatmeal Soap. Wash the area gently and pat it dry with a soft towel. Do not scrub, rub or massage.
Avoid lotions and deodorants
Consult your nurse, therapist or radiation oncologist before applying any creams, ointments, lotions, powders or deodorants to the treatment area. These products often contain metals and alcohol, which can decrease the skin-sparing effect of today's radiation equipment and may result in increased skin irritation.
Choose your clothing carefully
Avoid wearing girdles, corsets, pantyhose and other tight-fitting clothing that will rub or irritate you. Loose-fitting, soft cotton underwear or boxer shorts will be the most comfortable.
Temporary Hair Loss
Any hair in the treatment area may shed within the first few weeks of radiation therapy. It will re-grow approximately three to six months after completing your therapy.
Fiber-restricted Diet
You may be asked to follow a fiber-restricted diet while you are receiving treatment and for some weeks afterward. A printed sheet will be given to you outlining this diet. The given restrictions should be incorporated into any other special diet you are currently following. In an effort to decrease side effects, you may also be asked to take a Psyllium Fiber product (Metamucil) twice a day. You will be given a printed instruction sheet at the beginning of your treatment. The nurse or your dietitian can answer any questions you have about your nutritional needs. Drink lots of fluids, approximately six to eight 8-ounce glasses each day.
Nausea
You may experience mild nausea when beginning therapy. Small, frequent meals consisting of bland foods will provide some relief. In addition, anti-nausea medication may be prescribed. It is important to let the nurse or therapist know about any nausea before each treatment session. See additional information in “Coping with Nausea and Vomiting”.
Bowel and Bladder
Diarrhea is a potential side effect of your treatment. Please let your radiation oncologist or nurse know if it occurs. Your radiation oncologist can prescribe medication to keep the diarrhea under control. The nurse or your dietitian will assist with needed changes in your diet. See additional information in “Having Problems with Diarrhea?”
You may have some rectal discomfort, such as itching, burning, or pain during bowel movements. If this happens, special medication is available.
You may also note increased frequency of urination, a burning sensation when urinating or a feeling of pressure or urgency. All this is important, so please alert your radiation oncologist or nurse of these symptoms. Medications are also available to decrease urinary symptoms.
Female patients may experience burning, itching or irritation in the vaginal area. Please report this to your radiation oncologist or nurse for instructions on how to control these symptoms. Medication may be necessary if an infection has developed.
Your nurse will instruct you on the use of sitz baths at the beginning of your treatment. These are helpful in relieving the irritation of the areas around the vagina and anus. Regular sitz baths from the beginning of treatment will help minimize these discomforts and maintain your skin in better condition. See additional information in “Sitz Bath”.
Sexual Activity
Sexual desire or performance may change during your treatment. These changes vary greatly from one person to another. Please discuss your concerns with your radiation oncologist or nurse.
Fatigue
You may notice that you become increasingly tired during the last weeks of your treatment course. This is not unusual. Exercise is not discouraged during treatment, although you should pace your activities and plan frequent rest periods to avoid becoming overtired. You can discuss appropriate types of exercise with your radiation oncologist or nurse. See additional information in “Simple Ways to Relieve Fatigue”.
Counseling
We understand the special needs and concerns you and your family are experiencing. Your radiation oncologist, nurse and other members of your treatment team can help answer your questions. If necessary, your radiation oncologist may refer you to a counselor, who can also talk with you, recommend appropriate support groups and refer you to the right community agencies.
